June 2010
The first obvious signs of old age in a dog are often a graying muzzle and a lower energy level. Older dogs spend less time playing, more time napping and they sleep more soundly. Knowing how the aging process can affect a dog, recognizing the signs of pain and aging, and making a few adjustments can give an elderly dog a healthier, happier life and extra quality time.
Large dogs age faster than small dogs. Some giant breeds are seniors as early as age five or six. Medium and large breeds may start showing some signs of aging around seven or eight, while many small breeds show few signs of aging before age ten. Even if your senior dog looks and seems to be healthy, regular vet check-ups are extremely important to manage changes associated with aging. Many vets will want to do special geriatric screenings to detect early changes in older dogs.
Do not simply assume that every new physical symptom or change in behavior is age related and nothing will help. Many age related health problems can be treated with medication to ease symptoms, alleviate pain, increase the quality of life, and help extend life....
Age-related Diabetes can be successfully managed with insulin, weight control, and appropriate exercise.
A cough could indicate a possible heart condition.... often the result of abnormalities associated with aging. Timely veterinary treatment with prescribed medications can lower blood pressure, help the heart beat more efficiently, and prevent fluid build-up in the lungs.
Stiffness and painful arthritic joints can make a dog reluctant to walk, run, jump and play. Arthritis makes it hard to rise from a resting position. Going up and down stairs is especially hard. Supplements with glucosamine and chondroitin for joint health can ease arthritis pain by helping to maintain the healthy cartilage that cushions bones. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications for dogs are very effective painkillers and anti-inflammatory agents allow increased activity and freedom of movement. They must be prescribed by a veterinarian and dogs taking these medications must be closely monitored for potential side effects.
In addition to medication, simple changes around your home can make life easier and less painful. Keep bowls of fresh, clean water on every level of your home so your senior dog doesn't have to go up and down stairs so often.
Cover slippery tile and wood floors with rubber backed rugs or mats to prevent slipping and sliding and possible injury.
For dogs that are used to sharing your bed or have always been allowed on a couch, a pet ramp or a set of doggie steps makes getting up and down easier and prevents stress on joints. For dogs that can no longer jump in and out of an SUV, truck or van, folding or telescoping ramps are available at many pet supply stores. These lightweight but sturdy pet ramps can also be used instead of stairs for access to porches and decks.
Being less active often leads to weight gain. Obesity can cause heart disease, diabetes, and early death. Extra pounds increase stress on aging joints. To prevent obesity or help an overweight dog lose weight, switch to a high quality weight control or senior dog food. In addition to having less fat and calories, good senior formulas meet the special nutritional needs of older dogs. They contain the right amount of fiber for intestinal health, less sodium and additives to improve kidney function, antioxidants to help strengthen the immune system and slow aging, plus additives for joint health and optimal skin and coat quality. Do not make sudden changes, however. when switching to a new food. Mix the new food with the old food in gradually increasing proportions, over the course of about a week to 10 days.
Offer only low-calorie treats. Keep treats to a minimum and do not feed table scraps.
Use elevated feeders to make eating and drinking more comfortable for large dogs. Raised bowls reduce neck and back strain and aid digestion.
Exercise will also help with weight control, but exercise ability will change with advancing age. Provide regular moderate exercise with shorter walks and less running and vigorous outdoor play. Modify the amount and intensity according to your dogs strength and endurance. To ease neck strain when walking on a leash, use a harness instead of fastening a lead to the dog's collar.
Periodontal disease, common in senior dogs, can cause a dog to stop eating. It can even lead to kidney, liver, and heart disease. Brush your dog's teeth regularly, using a special toothpaste made for dogs. Have teeth cleaned as your veterinarian advises.
As dogs age they have less tolerance for both hot and cold temperatures. Being cold will increase muscle stiffness and aggravate aching joints. Senior dogs need extra protection from winter weather. Unless your dog has his own extra thick fur, provide a warm doggie coat to go outside on cold days. Short haired dogs may be more comfortable wearing light weight doggie sweaters or sweatsuits indoors as well. Old dogs are also more susceptible to heat related stress than young dogs. Take extra precautions to prevent over-exertion in warm temperatures. Keep them cool and comfortable indoors in summer.
Caring For Your Senior Dog